A Literature Review on Diabetes Mellitus with...

A Literature Review on Diabetes Mellitus with Comorbidities

Author Name : Dr. Amreen Sultana, Mariyam Fatima, Malvika Singh

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus has quadrupled in global prevalence during the last three decades, which is now the ninth leading cause of mortality. Around 1 in 11 persons globally today has diabetes, with 90% of those suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM). Asia is a significant hot spot for the global DM epidemic, with China and India serving as the top two epicenters. Individual vulnerability to DM is partly determined by genetic predisposition, but a poor diet and sedentary lifestyle are major drivers of the current global epidemic; early developmental variables (such as prenatal exposures) also have a role in susceptibility to DM later in life. Many cases of DM can be avoided by making healthy lifestyle adjustments, including as keeping a healthy body weight and eating a balanced diet. Moderate alcohol consumption, a healthy diet, and regular physical  activity. The aim of this paper is to review the information on  Diabetes Mellitus with emphasis on its types, signs and symptoms, causes, risk factors,  pathophysiology,  management, and various long term complications of diabetes  via literature review. The global epidemiology of DM, as well as dietary, lifestyle, and other risk factors for DM and its consequences, are all updated in this review.Because insulin release and activity are essential processes for glucose homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms involved in the synthesis and release of insulin, as well as in its detection are tightly regulated. Defects in any of the mechanisms involved in these processes can lead to a metabolic imbalance responsible for the development of the disease.