From Sacred Groves to National Policies: A Hi...

From Sacred Groves to National Policies: A History of Forest Conservation in India

Author Name : Siddharth Rajak, Prof. Kalpana Chaturvedi

ABSTRACT

Forests play an important role in maintaining ecosystems, biodiversity, and community well-being. This research paper examines the history and status of forest conservation in India, focusing on traditional practices, colonial influences, modern policies, and the challenges faced in conserving the forests of India. The article begins by emphasizing the importance of forest conservation in India and provides an overview of the historical context. It explores traditional forest conservation practices, such as sacred forests and community management, recognizing their enduring importance in modern times. The influence of British colonial rule is considered, including the formulation of forest policies and the subsequent development of India's forestry institutions. The analysis then turns to modern forest conservation policies in India, considering the Forest Conservation Act of 1980, the National Forest Policy of 1988, and the Forest Conservation (Amendment)Bill, the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. The status of forest conservation in India is assessed, highlighting threats such as deforestation and the impact of climate change. Deforestation, mainly due to agricultural expansion, poses a significant challenge to the conservation of forest cover and biodiversity. The increasing frequency of wildfires exacerbates these concerns. Strategies used to address these challenges are explored, including reforestation programs, networks of protected areas, and the use of the Compensatory A forestation Fund. A comparative analysis with other countries provides insight into India's forest conservation approach, identifying best practices and areas for improvement. Lessons can be drawn from international experience to improve India's conservation efforts and strengthen global cooperation. In summary, this paper highlights the importance of forest conservation in India and its rich historical heritage. It highlights the need for sustainable forest management, community participation, and adaptation to climate change. The results emphasize the urgency of combating deforestation, combating climate change by a forestation, promoting biodiversity conservation, and finding a balance between development and conservation. By implementing effective strategies and learning from international experiences, India can ensure the long-term sustainability of its forests and ensure the well-being of its communities.

Keywords: forest conservation, India, traditional practices, colonial influences, modern policies, challenges, biodiversity, climate change, sustainable management, sacred groves.